Topic 3: 스트림 조작자와 포매팅 - 아름다운 출력의 마법 🎨

cout << "이름: " << "김철수" << endl;
cout << "점수: " << 95 << endl;
cout << "평균: " << 87.333333 << endl;

이름: 김철수
점수: 95
평균: 87.333333

cout << setw(10) << left << "이름: " << "김철수" << endl;
cout << setw(10) << left << "점수: " << setw(5) << right << 95 << endl;
cout << setw(10) << left << "평균: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << 87.333333 << endl;

이름:      김철수
점수:         95
평균:      87.33

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>  // 조작자 헤더 필수!
using namespace std;
 
int main() {
    cout << "기본 출력:" << endl;
    cout << 123 << endl;
    cout << 45 << endl;
    cout << 6789 << endl;
    
    cout << "\nsetw(6) 적용:" << endl;
    cout << setw(6) << 123 << endl;    // 6자리로 우정렬
    cout << setw(6) << 45 << endl;
    cout << setw(6) << 6789 << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

기본 출력:
123
45
6789

setw(6) 적용:
   123
    45
  6789

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
 
int main() {
    cout << "좌정렬 (left):" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << left << "Apple" << "|" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << left << "Banana" << "|" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << left << "Cherry" << "|" << endl;
    
    cout << "\n우정렬 (right):" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << right << "Apple" << "|" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << right << "Banana" << "|" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << right << "Cherry" << "|" << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

좌정렬 (left):
Apple     |
Banana    |
Cherry    |

우정렬 (right):
     Apple|
    Banana|
    Cherry|

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
 
int main() {
    cout << "기본 (공백으로 채우기):" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << 123 << endl;
    
    cout << "\n별표로 채우기:" << endl;
    cout << setfill('*') << setw(10) << 123 << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << 456 << endl;
    
    cout << "\n0으로 채우기:" << endl;
    cout << setfill('0') << setw(8) << 123 << endl;
    cout << setw(8) << 45 << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

기본 (공백으로 채우기):
       123

별표로 채우기:
*******123
*******456

0으로 채우기:
00000123
00000045

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
 
int main() {
    double pi = 3.141592653589793;
    double money = 1234.5;
    
    cout << "기본 출력:" << endl;
    cout << pi << endl;
    cout << money << endl;
    
    cout << "\nsetprecision(3):" << endl;
    cout << setprecision(3) << pi << endl;
    cout << money << endl;
    
    cout << "\nfixed + setprecision(2):" << endl;
    cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << pi << endl;
    cout << money << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

기본 출력:
3.14159
1234.5

setprecision(3):
3.14
1.23e+03

fixed + setprecision(2):
3.14
1234.50

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
struct Player {
    string name;
    int score;
    double accuracy;
    int level;
};
 
void printScoreboard(const vector<Player>& players) {
    cout << "\n🏆 ========== 게임 스코어보드 ========== 🏆" << endl;
    
    // 헤더 출력
    cout << setfill(' ');  // 공백으로 채우기
    cout << left;          // 좌정렬
    cout << setw(3) << "순위" << " | ";
    cout << setw(12) << "플레이어명" << " | ";
    cout << setw(8) << "점수" << " | ";
    cout << setw(8) << "정확도" << " | ";
    cout << setw(6) << "레벨" << endl;
    
    // 구분선
    cout << setfill('-') << setw(50) << "" << endl;
    cout << setfill(' ');  // 다시 공백으로
    
    // 플레이어 정보 출력
    for (size_t i = 0; i < players.size(); i++) {
        const Player& player = players[i];
        
        // 순위 (우정렬, 0으로 채우기)
        cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << right << (i + 1) << ". ";
        cout << setfill(' ');  // 다시 공백으로
        
        // 플레이어명 (좌정렬)
        cout << setw(12) << left << player.name << " | ";
        
        // 점수 (우정렬, 콤마 형식으로)
        cout << setw(8) << right << player.score << " | ";
        
        // 정확도 (고정소수점 2자리)
        cout << fixed << setprecision(1) << setw(6) << right 
             << player.accuracy << "% | ";
        
        // 레벨 (우정렬)
        cout << setw(4) << right << player.level;
        
        // 등급 표시
        if (i == 0) {
            cout << " 👑";  // 1등
        } else if (i == 1) {
            cout << " 🥈";  // 2등  
        } else if (i == 2) {
            cout << " 🥉";  // 3등
        }
        
        cout << endl;
    }
    
    cout << setfill('=') << setw(50) << "" << endl;
    cout << setfill(' ');  // 원상복구
}
 
int main() {
    // 게임 플레이어 데이터
    vector<Player> players = {
        {"DragonSlayer", 98750, 94.3, 45},
        {"MagicMaster", 87320, 91.7, 42},
        {"SwordHero", 76890, 89.2, 38},
        {"ArrowAce", 65430, 87.8, 35},
        {"FireWizard", 54210, 85.1, 32}
    };
    
    printScoreboard(players);
    
    // 추가 통계 정보
    cout << "\n📊 ========== 게임 통계 ========== 📊" << endl;
    
    int totalScore = 0;
    double totalAccuracy = 0.0;
    for (const auto& player : players) {
        totalScore += player.score;
        totalAccuracy += player.accuracy;
    }
    
    cout << left;
    cout << setw(20) << "총 플레이어 수:" << players.size() << "명 👥" << endl;
    cout << setw(20) << "평균 점수:" << (totalScore / players.size()) << "점 🎯" << endl;
    cout << setw(20) << "평균 정확도:" << fixed << setprecision(1) 
         << (totalAccuracy / players.size()) << "% 🎪" << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

🏆 ========== 게임 스코어보드 ========== 🏆
순위 | 플레이어명    | 점수     | 정확도   | 레벨
--------------------------------------------------
01. DragonSlayer  |    98750 |   94.3% |   45 👑
02. MagicMaster   |    87320 |   91.7% |   42 🥈
03. SwordHero     |    76890 |   89.2% |   38 🥉
04. ArrowAce      |    65430 |   87.8% |   35
05. FireWizard    |    54210 |   85.1% |   32
==================================================

📊 ========== 게임 통계 ========== 📊
총 플레이어 수:      5명 👥
평균 점수:          76520점 🎯
평균 정확도:        89.6% 🎪

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
 
int main() {
    int number = 255;
    
    cout << "숫자 " << number << "을(를) 다양한 진법으로:" << endl;
    cout << "================================" << endl;
    
    // 10진법 (기본)
    cout << "10진법: " << dec << number << endl;
    
    // 16진법
    cout << "16진법: " << hex << number << " (소문자)" << endl;
    cout << "16진법: " << uppercase << hex << number << " (대문자)" << endl;
    
    // 8진법
    cout << "8진법:  " << oct << number << endl;
    
    // 다시 10진법으로 복구
    cout << nouppercase << dec;
    
    // 부호 표시
    cout << "\n부호 표시:" << endl;
    cout << "양수: " << showpos << 123 << endl;
    cout << "음수: " << -456 << endl;
    cout << "0: " << 0 << endl;
    
    // 부호 표시 끄기
    cout << noshowpos;
    
    return 0;
}

숫자 255을(를) 다양한 진법으로:
================================
10진법: 255
16진법: ff (소문자)
16진법: FF (대문자)
8진법:  377

부호 표시:
양수: +123
음수: -456
0: +0

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
struct Item {
    int id;
    string name;
    int price;
    string rarity;
    int stock;
};
 
class GameShop {
private:
    vector<Item> items;
    int playerGold;
    
public:
    GameShop(int gold) : playerGold(gold) {
        // 상점 아이템 초기화
        items = {
            {1, "강철검", 1500, "일반", 5},
            {2, "마법지팡이", 2500, "희귀", 3},  
            {3, "용의갑옷", 5000, "전설", 1},
            {4, "체력포션", 100, "일반", 20},
            {5, "마나포션", 150, "일반", 15},
            {6, "불꽃반지", 3500, "희귀", 2},
            {7, "순간이동서", 800, "일반", 8}
        };
    }
    
    void displayShop() {
        cout << "\n🏪 ========== 모험가 상점 ========== 🏪" << endl;
        cout << "💰 보유 골드: " << setfill(',') << playerGold << "G" << endl;
        cout << setfill(' ');  // 원상복구
        cout << endl;
        
        // 헤더
        cout << left;
        cout << setw(4) << "ID" << " | ";
        cout << setw(15) << "아이템명" << " | ";
        cout << setw(8) << "가격" << " | ";
        cout << setw(8) << "등급" << " | ";
        cout << setw(6) << "재고" << " | ";
        cout << "상태" << endl;
        
        // 구분선
        cout << setfill('─') << setw(60) << "" << endl;
        cout << setfill(' ');
        
        // 아이템 목록
        for (const auto& item : items) {
            // ID
            cout << setw(3) << right << item.id << ". ";
            
            // 아이템명 (좌정렬)
            cout << setw(15) << left << item.name << " | ";
            
            // 가격 (우정렬, 콤마)
            cout << setw(6) << right << item.price << "G | ";
            
            // 등급 (가운데 정렬처럼 보이게)
            string rarity = item.rarity;
            cout << setw(8) << left;
            if (rarity == "전설") {
                cout << "💎" + rarity;
            } else if (rarity == "희귀") {
                cout << "💙" + rarity;  
            } else {
                cout << "⚪" + rarity;
            }
            cout << " | ";
            
            // 재고
            cout << setw(4) << right << item.stock << "개 | ";
            
            // 구매 가능 여부
            if (item.stock == 0) {
                cout << "❌ 품절";
            } else if (playerGold >= item.price) {
                cout << "✅ 구매가능";
            } else {
                cout << "💸 골드부족";
            }
            
            cout << endl;
        }
        
        cout << setfill('═') << setw(60) << "" << endl;
        cout << setfill(' ');
    }
    
    void displayReceipt(int itemId, int quantity) {
        auto it = find_if(items.begin(), items.end(), 
                         [itemId](const Item& item) { return item.id == itemId; });
        
        if (it == items.end()) return;
        
        int totalPrice = it->price * quantity;
        
        cout << "\n🧾 ========== 구매 영수증 ========== 🧾" << endl;
        cout << left;
        cout << setw(20) << "아이템:" << it->name << endl;
        cout << setw(20) << "단가:" << it->price << "G" << endl;
        cout << setw(20) << "수량:" << quantity << "개" << endl;
        cout << setfill('-') << setw(35) << "" << endl;
        cout << setfill(' ');
        cout << setw(20) << "총 금액:" << totalPrice << "G 💰" << endl;
        cout << setw(20) << "보유 골드:" << playerGold << "G" << endl;
        cout << setw(20) << "거래 후 금액:" << (playerGold - totalPrice) << "G" << endl;
        cout << setfill('═') << setw(35) << "" << endl;
        cout << setfill(' ');
        cout << "✨ 구매해 주셔서 감사합니다! ✨" << endl;
    }
};
 
int main() {
    GameShop shop(7500);  // 7500골드로 시작
    
    shop.displayShop();
    
    cout << "\n구매 시뮬레이션:" << endl;
    shop.displayReceipt(2, 1);  // 마법지팡이 1개 구매
    
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
 
struct GameStats {
    string playerName;
    int totalGames;
    int wins;
    int losses;
    double winRate;
    int highestScore;
};
 
void generateReport(const vector<GameStats>& stats) {
    ofstream report("game_report.txt");
    
    if (!report.is_open()) {
        cout << "❌ 리포트 파일을 생성할 수 없습니다!" << endl;
        return;
    }
    
    // 파일에 포매팅된 리포트 작성
    report << "🎮 ========== 게임 통계 리포트 ========== 🎮" << endl;
    report << "생성일: 2024년 3월 15일" << endl;
    report << "====================================" << endl << endl;
    
    // 헤더
    report << left;
    report << setw(12) << "플레이어" << " | ";
    report << setw(8) << "총경기" << " | ";
    report << setw(6) << "승리" << " | ";
    report << setw(6) << "패배" << " | ";
    report << setw(8) << "승률" << " | ";
    report << setw(10) << "최고점수" << endl;
    
    report << setfill('-') << setw(60) << "" << endl;
    report << setfill(' ');
    
    // 데이터 출력
    for (const auto& stat : stats) {
        report << setw(12) << left << stat.playerName << " | ";
        report << setw(8) << right << stat.totalGames << " | ";
        report << setw(6) << right << stat.wins << " | ";
        report << setw(6) << right << stat.losses << " | ";
        report << fixed << setprecision(1) << setw(6) << right << stat.winRate << "% | ";
        report << setw(10) << right << stat.highestScore << endl;
    }
    
    report << setfill('=') << setw(60) << "" << endl;
    report << setfill(' ');
    
    report.close();
    cout << "✅ 게임 리포트가 'game_report.txt'에 저장되었습니다!" << endl;
}
 
int main() {
    vector<GameStats> playerStats = {
        {"김철수", 50, 35, 15, 70.0, 98500},
        {"이영희", 45, 30, 15, 66.7, 87200},
        {"박민수", 60, 45, 15, 75.0, 95300},
        {"최지영", 40, 22, 18, 55.0, 76800}
    };
    
    generateReport(playerStats);
    
    return 0;
}